The Friars: Were They a Response to the Distinctive Religious Needs of Urban Society?
DURING the course of this article on the friars, I will be examining the two
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The Fischer Controversy: Examining the Foundations of the First World War
ANY truly effective study of the so-called ‘Fischer Controversy’ must begin with a thorough examination
Cluny & the Origins of Medieval Monasticism
IN order to address the question of monastic revival with regard to Cluny, it is
The Price of Westminster Imperialism: King Edward I’s Attempts to Justify his Campaigns to Conquer Scotland and Wales
BY the third quarter of the thirteenth century, the attitude of the English towards their
The Achievements of Otto the Great
HERE I intend to examine the main achievements of Otto the Great by dividing his
The Motives Behind the First Crusade
WHILST the First Crusade is overwhelmingly portrayed as a decidedly Catholic affair, the aims and
Paganism in the Literature of Anglo-Saxon England: A Critique of Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica
TO understand how paganism was depicted in Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica, it is necessary to examine
Fascism, National-Socialism and the Churches
AS a means of addressing the issue of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy and their
Red Alert: The German Left and the First World War
IN 1869, at Eisenach, Wilhelm Liebknecht (1826-1900) founded a Marxist organisation which was to become
What Was So Distinctive About the Russian Bolshevik Party?
IN order to address this question as fully as possible, it is first necessary to
